Organizações de cooperação e financiamento internacionais e a instrumentalização paradiplomática utilizada para obtenção de recursos por Entidades subnacionais brasileiras (Estado-Membro e municípios) entre os anos de 1984 a 2019

Abstract

The financial globalization developed in the last decades is a phenomenon that, together with political relations, built, from the mid-twentieth century, interdependent relationships between countries in the international scenario, forming a complex system originated from the national financial interconnection of the states, which made possible, among other aspects , the formation of an intense flow of capital that surpassed territorial barriers, and that currently, make direct investments in subnational entities. Thus, there were intense international activities of these governments that transformed the routine of diplomacy by presenting new ways of doing foreign policy, which gave rise to the paradiplomatic action of these actors. In Brazil, the considerable growth of the international activism of autonomous federated entities, mainly since the 1980s, required the State to advance to meet the challenge of creating and developing public policies that would coordinate directives capable of achieving decentralized action of power in forming partnerships and raising external resources. Therefore, the present study aims to clarify in a general way, how this system has functioned based on the theoretical view of the international relations that explain these events, the financial institutions that are members of it, in addition to how the Brazilian State operates this process, especially the subnational entities , such as the successful experience of the municipalities of São Paulo, Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro State, and how they were structured to raise funds with international financial institutions and institutions. Since such solutions have proved to be an important alternative for the implementation of public policies aimed at meeting regional and local social demands. For this, a bibliographical review of descriptive qualitative character was carried out, using as reference a broad doctrine based on books, articles and similar materials published in the period of 1984 and 2019, aiming at clarifying the dynamics of international cooperation and obtaining of investments, besides of how the subnational federative body incorporates in its structures, technical-qualified action to realize the obtaining of cooperative partnerships and resources with the international organisms of financing.